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A finalidade deste trabalho é avaliar as tendências das séries temporais do saldo radiação no Nordeste do Brasil, através de dados de reanálise do NCEP/NCAR referentes ao período de 1948 a 2006. As séries temporais anuais de dados observados na superfície de radiação solar global e evaporação do tanque classe “A” de duas localidades do semiárido da região de estudo, também foram utilizadas. Analisou-se a variabilidade temporal das séries temporais com base no teste não-paramétrico, de Mann-Kendall. As séries temporais do saldo de radiação exibiram reduções acentuadas entre 1948 e 1987, que foram estatisticamente significativas em níveis de 0,01 de probabilidade pelo teste de Mann-Kendall; verificou-se, entretanto, no período de 1988 a 2006, comportamento inverso, predominando tendências positivas de saldo de radiação. Os resultados também indicaram que os dados observados de radiação global e de evaporação do tanque classe “A”, apresentam reduções acentuadas ao longo do período estudado estatisticamente significativos em níveis de 0,01 de probabilidade. Esses resultados sugerem a presença do fenômeno “Global dimming” sobre a região Nordeste do Brasil.

Palavras-chave: evaporação do tanque classe “A”, global dimming, teste de Mann-Kendall

2010- PAPER – AGRIAMBI – M

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Posted in Meteorology

Posted by: silvavpr | March 27, 2010

Silva, V. P. R ; Azevedo, P. V.; Brito, R. S.; Campos, J. B. C. Evaluating the urban climate of a typically tropical city of northeastern Brazil. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v.161, p.45-59, 2010.

Abstract

This study attempted to assess a bioclimate index and the occurrence of an urban heat island in the city of Campina Grande, northeastern Brazil, using data taken from mobile measurements and Automatic Weather Stations (AWS). The climate data were obtained during two representative months, one for the dry season (November 2005) and one for the rainy season (June 2006) at seven points in an urban area. Tenminute air temperatures recorded by an AWS installed in urban areas were compared to those from a similar station located in a suburban area to assess the urban heat island (UHI). The data were collected using a 23X data logger (Campbell Scientific, Inc.) programmed for collecting data every second. The thermal discomfort level was analyzed by Thom’s discomfort index (DI), and an analysis of variance was applied for assessing if there was any statistically significant difference at the 1% and 5% significance level of thermal comfort among points. Mann–Kendall statistical test was used for identifying possibly significant trends in a time series for air temperature, relative humidity, and class A pan evaporation for the city of Campina Grande. The present study found UHI intensities of 1.48ºC and −0.7ºC for the months taken as representative of the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. Summer in the city has partially comfortable conditions while the winter is fully comfortable. There are significant changes in DI hourly values between seasons. Only during the rainy season did all points of the city have a comfortable condition until 8:19 h, at which time they become partially comfortable for the rest of the day. Results indicated that there was a 1.5ºC increase in air temperature and a 7.2% reduction in relative humidity throughout the analyzed time series. The DI also showed a statistically significant increasing trend (Mann–Kendall test, p <0.01) for the dry and rainy seasons and annual period of approximately 1ºC in the last 41 years in the city of Campina Grande.

Keywords: Discomfort index; Climatic variables; Heat island; Mann–Kendal test; Urban area

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Posted in Urban Climate

Posted by: silvavpr | March 27, 2010

SOUZA, Inajá Francisco de ; SILVA, V. P. R ; Fabiana G. Galdino ; AGUIAR NETO, Antenor Oliveira ; Bruce Kelly da Nobrega Silva ; AZEVEDO, P. V. . Evapotranspiração de referência nos perímetros irrigados do Estado de Sergipe. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, v. 14, p. 633-644, 2010.

RESUMO

O conhecimento da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) é essencial no manejo de irrigação de culturas agrícolas em todo o mundo. Neste trabalho se utilizaram dados meteorológicos diários de evaporação do tanque “Classe A”, temperaturas máximas e mínimas, insolação, velocidade do vento a 2 m de altura e umidade relativa do ar, referentes ao período de 1989 a 1993, coletados em quatro perímetros irrigados do Estado de Sergipe, para estimativa da ETo com base nos métodos do Tanque Classe “A”, Radiação Solar, Hargreaves & Samani, Linacre e Penman-Monteith (FAO/56). Comparam-se os valores diários da ETo para a região estudada, através dos quais, quando comparados com o modelo de Penman-Monteith (FAO/56) se obtiveram os melhores desempenhos com os métodos que utilizam a radiação solar como dado de entrada no modelo. O método do Tanque Classe “A” não apresentou desempenho satisfatório em nenhum perímetro irrigado estudado.

Palavras-chave: demanda hídrica, evaporação, método de Penman-Monteith, planejamento de irrigação

2010 – PAPER AGRIAMB – A

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Posted in Agrometeorology

Posted by: silvavpr | March 27, 2010

SILVA, V. P. R ; CAMPOS, João H. B. da C. ; Madson Tavares Silva ; AZEVEDO, P. V. . Impact of global warming on cowpea bean cultivation in northeastern Brazil. Agricultural Water Management (Print), v. 1, p. 1-9, 2010.

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of climate change on cowpea bean crop grown in northeastern Brazil based on the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The water balance model combined with Geographic Information System techniques was used to identify regional areas where the cowpea bean crop will suffer yield reduction due to climate changes. Model input variables were: rainfall, crop coefficients, potential evapotranspiration and duration of the crop cycle. A limit value of 0.5 was adopted for the water requirement satisfaction index (WRSI), being the ratio of actual to maximum evapotranspiration. The acceptable seeding date was defined as the date at which the water balance simulation presented a WRSI value greater than the limit value, with a frequency of at least 80%. An increase in air temperature will cause a significant reduction in the areas currently favorable to cowpea bean crop growth in northeastern Brazil, and it is recommended that bean varieties better suited to high-temperature conditions should be planted.

Keywords: Climate change; Crop modeling; Rainfall; Water balance model

2010 – PAPER – AWAT

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Posted in Agrometeorology

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Silva, V. P. R ; Azevedo, P. V.; Brito, R. S.; Campos, J. B. C. Evaluating the urban climate of a typically tropical city of northeastern Brazil. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v.161, p.45-59, 2010.

SILVA, V. P. R ; CAMPOS, João H. B. da C. ; Madson Tavares Silva ; AZEVEDO, P. V. . Impact of global warming on cowpea bean cultivation in northeastern Brazil. Agricultural Water Management (Print), v. 1, p. 1-9, 2010.